From: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1807-59322009000200015&script=sci_arttext
In case you are wondering osteomalacia, a condition due to lack of Vitamin D, can cause a deficit in mineralization of osteoid matrix which leads to decrease osteoid altogether. The former is correct but not the latter, i.e. it causes accumulation of osteoid tissue (Relative excess of osteoid) instead of its lost. Great, get it wrong again...
Sunday, September 6, 2009
Purpose of Fructose in Glycogenosis disease
Quote from article: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4024250.html
Fructose is used to alleviate physiologically-induced stress in the human body. Rationale that comes to from me dad is that fructose stress the liver to break down the glycogen to glucose. In cases like glycogen storage disease, we take von Gierke’s disease (type I) for example, since it's a glucose-6-phosphatase defecient thingy, it can't break down glycogen, which explains it's inability to produce glucose upon the stress from fructose administration.
Cool critical clinical thinking?
Fructose is used to alleviate physiologically-induced stress in the human body. Rationale that comes to from me dad is that fructose stress the liver to break down the glycogen to glucose. In cases like glycogen storage disease, we take von Gierke’s disease (type I) for example, since it's a glucose-6-phosphatase defecient thingy, it can't break down glycogen, which explains it's inability to produce glucose upon the stress from fructose administration.
Cool critical clinical thinking?
Metachromatic granules
I just know this stuff. I was very surprised myself. You might think this is the metachromatic leukodystrophy(ML) (why? coz it's metachromatic). Wrong. It's a totally different thing altogether.
In ML, it's an accumulation of metachromatic lipid which is gives brownish color upon staining of toluidine blue.
However, when they say about this metachromatic granules, they are bascially Alder-Reilly bodies. Well, what the hell is that? It's actually an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within leukocytes. It's seen in mucopolysaccharidoses aka the famous Hurler's and Hunter's syndrome which I believe USMLE Step 1 love to ask. You can observe large purple cytoplasmic granules, which is the metachromatic granules, of course (source from :http://www.learnerstv.com/onlinetest/medicine/ in Pathology Q11 and Pathology Concise) I can't find a good picture in any books, what I can find is this: http://images.google.com.my/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=Metachromatic+granules&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=IcKjSunTNIyBkQXPxo33Dw&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4
Ah, just google yourself. Till then...
In ML, it's an accumulation of metachromatic lipid which is gives brownish color upon staining of toluidine blue.
However, when they say about this metachromatic granules, they are bascially Alder-Reilly bodies. Well, what the hell is that? It's actually an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within leukocytes. It's seen in mucopolysaccharidoses aka the famous Hurler's and Hunter's syndrome which I believe USMLE Step 1 love to ask. You can observe large purple cytoplasmic granules, which is the metachromatic granules, of course (source from :http://www.learnerstv.com/onlinetest/medicine/ in Pathology Q11 and Pathology Concise) I can't find a good picture in any books, what I can find is this: http://images.google.com.my/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=Metachromatic+granules&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=IcKjSunTNIyBkQXPxo33Dw&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4
Ah, just google yourself. Till then...
Cool Physiology Website
If you like cracking your head with physiology, try this: http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/outline.htm
If you are studying for your exam and that the exam is about next week, do give yourself a break ya? Phys is hard
Notice something from here: http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/six/6_1.htm
1. A Na-H antiport is present in the apical membrane (Fig 6-2). This electrically neutral 1:1 transporter is driven primarily by the chemical gradient for Na across the membrane. This is a major mechanism for Na entry.
Get it?
If you are studying for your exam and that the exam is about next week, do give yourself a break ya? Phys is hard
Notice something from here: http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/six/6_1.htm
1. A Na-H antiport is present in the apical membrane (Fig 6-2). This electrically neutral 1:1 transporter is driven primarily by the chemical gradient for Na across the membrane. This is a major mechanism for Na entry.
Get it?
Saturday, September 5, 2009
Ventilation Perfusion Defect
This is from: http://www.ccmtutorials.com/rs/oxygen/page09.htm
A word about this thing. It causes hypoxemia, which leads to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptor in which causing hyperventilation thus lowering arterial carbon dioxide pressure. Cool?
A word about this thing. It causes hypoxemia, which leads to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptor in which causing hyperventilation thus lowering arterial carbon dioxide pressure. Cool?
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